Jeremiah 31

 Chapter 31 is a promise of hope for Israel. These are God's promises to Israel:

He will be the God of all the families of Israel and they will be His people. He will rebuild Israel. There is a remnant of Israel, and the LORD will bring them from the north country and gather them from the ends of the earth. They shall return with weeping and supplication (while the LORD leads them). He, who scattered them, will gather them, because He redeemed them. Their souls will be like a well-watered garden, and they will sorrow no more.

There is hope in your future, that your children shall come back to their own border.

The LORD called Israel "a backsliding daughter" and He "created a new thing in the earth - a woman shall encompass a man." 

This brought such peace to Jeremiah because "the days are coming...when the LORD will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and the seed of beast." He will "watch over them to build and to plant..." 

The days are coming...when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah... 

I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God and they shall be My people...For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more. 

The days are coming that the city shall be built for the LORD...

COMMENTARY 

After the Great Tribulation (the time of Jacob's trouble), Israel will be restored to the land. This is a future promise and has not come true, yet. While some say Israel has been restored to their land, they have not returned to God. Also, there are more Jews living outside of Israel than live in Israel.

The reason God is going to restore Israel is because He loves them with an everlasting love. He is a father to Israel and "Ephraim is [His] firstborn." 

The verse regarding "a backsliding daughter..," John MacArthur called it "the most puzzling statements in Jeremiah." The word woman does not mean a virgin, so it cannot refer to Christ. Possibly it means a former virgin, like Israel, now a disgraced, divorced wife. One day she will return to her husband, the LORD, and He will forgive her and take her back. That would be "a new thing in the earth." 

There will be a new covenant that God will make with Israel, with all twelve tribes of Israel, and it will be different from the one made with Moses. The law will be engraved on their hearts, not on stone. And this covenant will never be changed or repealed.

credit: Guide Makombo (LinkedIn)